How do you know if food is really organic

By Isabella Storyclaire

last updated September 16, 2024

Contributions sourced from

Nutrition and healthy eating

Organic foods: Are they safer? More nutritious?

Discover the difference between organic foods and their traditionally grown counterparts when it comes to nutrition, safety and price.
By Mayo Clinic Staff

Once found only in health food stores, organic food is now a common feature at most grocery stores. And that's made a bit of a problem in the produce aisle.

For example, you can pick an apple grown with usual (conventional) methods. Or you can pick one that's organic. Both apples are firm, shiny and red. They both provide vitamins and fiber. And neither apple has fat, salt or cholesterol. Which should you choose? Get the facts before you shop.

What is organic farming?

The word "organic" means the way farmers grow and process farming (agricultural) products. These products include fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products such as milk and cheese, and meat. Organic farming practices are designed to meet the following goals:

Improve soil and water quality
Cut pollution
Provide safe, healthy places for farm animals (livestock) to live
Enable natural farm animals' behavior
Promote a self-sustaining cycle of resources on a farm

Materials or methods not allowed in organic farming include:

Artificial (synthetic) fertilizers to add nutrients to the soil
Sewage sludge as fertilizer
Most synthetic pesticides for pest control
Using radiation (irradiation) to preserve food or to get rid of disease or pests
Using genetic technology to change the genetic makeup (genetic engineering) of crops, which can improve disease or pest resistance, or to improve crop harvests
Antibiotics or growth hormones for farm animals (livestock)

Organic crop farming materials or practices may include:

Plant waste left on fields (green manure), farm animals' manure or compost to improve soil quality
Plant rotation to keep soil quality and to stop cycles of pests or disease
Cover crops that prevent wearing away of soil (erosion) when sections of land aren't in use and to plow into soil for improving soil quality
Mulch to control weeds
Insects or insect traps to control pests
Certain natural pesticides and a few synthetic pesticides approved for organic farming, used rarely and only as a last choice and coordinated with a USDA organic certifying agent

Organic farming practices for farm animals (livestock) include:

Healthy living conditions and access to the outdoors
Pasture feeding for at least 30% of farm animals' nutritional needs during grazing season
Organic food for animals
Shots to protect against disease (vaccinations)

Organic or not? Check the label

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has set up an organic certification program that requires all organic food to meet strict government standards. These standards control how such food is grown, handled and processed.

Any product labeled as organic on the product description or packaging must be USDA certified. If it's certified, the producer may also use an official USDA Organic seal.

The USDA says producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic food don't need to be certified. These producers must follow the guidelines for organic food production. But they don't need to go through the certification process. They can label their products as organic. But they can't use the official USDA Organic seal.

Products certified 95 percent or more organic may display this USDA seal.

The USDA guidelines describe organic foods on product labels as:

100% organic. This label is used on certified organic fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat or other foods that have one ingredient. It may also be used on food items with many ingredients if all the items are certified organic, except for salt and water. These may have a USDA seal.
Organic. If a food with many ingredients is labeled organic, at least 95% of the ingredients are certified organic, except for salt and water. The items that aren't organic must be from a USDA list of approved additional ingredients. These also may have a USDA seal.
Made with organic. If a product with many ingredients has at least 70% certified organic ingredients, it may have a "made with organic" ingredients label. For example, a breakfast cereal might be labeled "made with organic oats." The ingredient list must show what items are organic. These products can't carry a USDA seal.
Organic ingredients. If a product has some organic ingredients but less than 70% of the ingredients are certified organic , the product can't be labeled as organic. It also can't carry a USDA seal. The ingredient list can show which ingredients are organic.

Does 'organic' mean the same thing as 'natural'?

No, "natural" and "organic" are different. Usually, "natural" on a food label means that the product has no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives. "Natural" on a label doesn't have to do with the methods or materials used to grow the food ingredients.

Also be careful not to mix up other common food labels with organic labels. For example, certified organic beef guidelines include pasture access during at least 120 days of grazing season and no growth hormones. But the labels "free-range" or "hormone-free" don't mean a farmer followed all guidelines for organic certification.

Organic food: Is it safer or more nutritious?

Some data shows possible health benefits of organic foods when compared with foods grown using the usual (conventional) process. These studies have shown differences in the food. But there is limited information to prove how these differences can give potential overall health benefits.

Potential benefits include the following:

Nutrients. Studies have shown small to moderate increases in some nutrients in organic produce. Organic produce may have more of certain antioxidants and types of flavonoids, which have antioxidant properties.
Omega-3 fatty acids. The feeding requirements for organic farm animals (livestock) usually cause higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. These include feeding cattle grass and alfalfa. Omega-3 fatty acids a kind of fat are more heart healthy than other fats. These higher omega-3 fatty acids are found in organic meats, dairy and eggs.
Toxic metal. Cadmium is a toxic chemical naturally found in soils and absorbed by plants. Studies have shown much lower cadmium levels in organic grains, but not fruits and vegetables, when compared with crops grown using usual (conventional) methods. The lower cadmium levels in organic grains may be related to the ban on synthetic fertilizers in organic farming.
Pesticide residue. Compared with produce grown using usual (conventional) methods, organically grown produce has lower levels of pesticide residue. The safety rules for the highest levels of residue allowed on conventional produce have changed. In many cases, the levels have been lowered. Organic produce may have residue because of pesticides approved for organic farming or because of airborne pesticides from conventional farms.
Bacteria. Meats produced using usual (conventional) methods may have higher amounts of dangerous types of bacteria that may not be able to be treated with antibiotics. The overall risk of contamination of organic foods with bacteria is the same as conventional foods.

Are there downsides to buying organic?

One common concern with organic food is cost. Organic foods often cost more than similar foods grown using usual (conventional) methods. Higher prices are due, in part, to more costly ways of farming.

Food safety tips

Whether you go totally organic or choose to mix conventional and organic foods, keep these tips in mind:

Choose a variety of foods from a mix of sources. You'll get a better variety of nutrients and lower your chance of exposure to a single pesticide.
Buy fruits and vegetables in season when you can. To get the freshest produce, ask your grocer what is in season. Or buy food from your local farmers market.
Read food labels carefully. Just because a product says it's organic or has organic ingredients doesn't mean it's a healthier choice. Some organic products may still be high in sugar, salt, fat or calories.
Wash and scrub fresh fruits and vegetables well under running water. Washing helps remove dirt, germs and chemical traces from fruit and vegetable surfaces. But you can't remove all pesticide traces by washing. Throwing away the outer leaves of leafy vegetables can lessen contaminants. Peeling fruits and vegetables can remove contaminants but may also cut nutrients.

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See more In-depth

3 ways to check if what you're buying is really organic

The topic of organic food draws deep divisions.

In camp one are shoppers who trust that produce labelled organic are free of synthetic agricultural chemicals like pesticides, fungicides and herbicides.Over in camp two, youll find those who believe some food manufacturers dishonestly say their products are truly organic when they arent.

So which group is in the right?The fact is theres truth in both camps.

According to the use of the label organic is regulated by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service when produce is exported overseas.However, the organic label isnt regulated in Australia for products sold in our domestic market.Dr Sarah Lantz, an ambassador for the non-profit industry group, , explains that sometimes companies wrongly call their products organic when they aren't.

Any manufacturer can put natural and organic on their product labels, says Dr Lantz, who has a PhD in clinical nutrition and public health. It might mean that some or part of a product is organic or natural but theres no guarantee that the whole product is organic as the label says.

Produce labels that say certified organic are in a different category altogether.

A certified organic label on food and cosmetics acts as a guarantee that a product has been tested and checked by an approved body.

In Australia, organic certification is performed by several different organisations accredited by the . These organisations, like the Australian Certified Organic and , are authorised by the government to administer certification to the same national organic standard.

A certified organic product is therefore guaranteed to be free-range, non-GMO, pasture-fed, water-efficient andbiodiversity-friendly, as well as being free from synthetic pesticides, herbicides, hormones and antibiotics.

A certified organic label on food and cosmetics acts as a guarantee that a product has been tested and checked by an approved body.

As the owner of a company that has been certified organic Dr Lanz is well versed in the many hurdles manufacturers need to jump through for organic certification.

We are very regulated, says Dr Lanze. As a manufacturer, we are tested and undergo an annual audit. They go through every single one of our plants and look at all the components.

Our farmers are also tested. Everything is tested along the whole food chain to ensure there are no industrial chemicals and any produce that is certified is clean.

Of course some products, which do not have the certification, are genuinely organic. There are plenty of valid reasons a company doesnt want certification, from cost to the administration burden.

Companies with certified organic produce that import ingredients from overseas are also checked according to stringent rules.

For example, we produce kombucha. We dont have certified organic tea in the quantity we need to make it in Australia, so we import it from a certified place in Sri Lanka that practices biodynamic farming. We have to get their certificate and give it to the authorising body over here [to be checked, for the product to continue to be certified organic in Australia].

Of course, some products, which do not have the certification, are genuinely organic. There are plenty of valid reasons a company doesnt want certification, from cost to the administrative burden.

But if youre looking for a certified organic product, heres a few ways to ensure youre getting the real deal.

1. Look for the term 'certified organic' and certified logos

Always closely read packaging labels when shopping for genuine certified organic goods.

Dr Lanz warns that some companies falsely imitate certified organic logos or mix the words around on their labels for example, organically certified Australia to trick customers into buying their product.

Customers need to be discerning when they shop and be very clear on what logos and labels from certified bodies looks like and says.

Shoppers should also become familiar with the s, to ensure what they are buying is a legitimately certified product.

Another logo that will help identify a product as certified organic is the 'bud' logo from the industry body, Australian Organic. It also guarantees the product is 100 per cent certified.

2. Look at the ingredients list

If you are buying a product that is packaged, read the ingredients lists to detect any unnatural components. This is also a good way to detect if 'organic' products from smaller companies that are not certified are the real deal.

Everything in the ingredients list of a certified organic product should be things you can eat that are grown in nature or on a farm," Dr Lanz says. "There are no artificial ingredients in certified organic produce so if the ingredients list has numbers in it, its not the real thing.